Examples as Arduino sketches: one folder per device type, each its own endpointId, Wi-Fi with a timeout

Light, DimmableLight, ColorTemperatureLight, ColorLight, TemperatureSensor, ContactSensor, Blind,
Thermostat, Lock, Scene, Doorbell and MultiDevice on the 2.0 API: addCapability(row, instance), one
onDirective() handler, the report helpers, ChangeReports from loop(), a deferred answer for the lock.
Wi-Fi is waited for 30 s, then the sketch says what to check and carries on.

examples/README.md has what each sketch does, its limits and the measured sizes for d1_mini: Light
takes 30,616 bytes of static RAM and 332,565 of flash; all 17 sketches build with 0 warnings.
test/test_examples compares the discovery object of every new sketch: 147 host tests (were 135).
The sketches were compiled, not run on a board.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>

examples/ColorLight/ColorLight.ino

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+// ColorLight: an RGB lamp (Alexa.PowerController, Alexa.BrightnessController, Alexa.ColorController).
+//
+// Alexa names a color by hue (0 to 360 degrees), saturation and brightness (0 to 1). The sketch keeps the three,
+// turns them into red, green and blue and drives three PWM outputs. SetColor sets the brightness too; SetBrightness
+// changes the brightness and leaves hue and saturation alone.
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <Alex2ESP.h>
+
+// Wi-Fi and the credentials of your Alex2MQTT account
+const char *WIFI_SSID = "";
+const char *WIFI_PASSWORD = "";
+
+const char *ALEXA_USERNAME = "";
+const char *ALEXA_PASSWORD = "";
+const char *ALEXA_ROOT_TOPIC = "";
+
+const uint8_t RED_PIN = 14;   // D5 on a Wemos D1 mini, high = lit
+const uint8_t GREEN_PIN = 12; // D6
+const uint8_t BLUE_PIN = 13;  // D7
+
+Alex2ESP alexa;
+bool lampOn = false;
+float hue = 0;        // degrees
+float saturation = 0; // 0 to 1: 0 is white
+int brightness = 100; // percent
+
+// Joins the Wi-Fi network and returns after 30 s at the latest. Without a connection the sketch carries on: the
+// ESP8266 keeps trying, and alexa.loop() opens the MQTT session once Wi-Fi is up.
+void connectWiFi()
+{
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
+  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
+  Serial.printf("\n[WIFI] Connecting to \"%s\"\n", WIFI_SSID);
+
+  unsigned long started = millis();
+  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && millis() - started < 30000)
+  {
+    delay(100);
+  }
+
+  if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED)
+  {
+    Serial.printf("[WIFI] Connected, IP address %s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    Serial.printf("[WIFI] No connection after 30 s (status %d): check WIFI_SSID and WIFI_PASSWORD. Still trying.\n",
+                  WiFi.status());
+  }
+}
+
+// Hue, saturation and brightness as the share of red, green and blue, 0 to 100 each
+void writeLamp()
+{
+  float value = lampOn ? brightness : 0;
+  float sector = hue / 60;
+  int whole = static_cast<int>(sector) % 6;
+  float part = sector - static_cast<int>(sector);
+  float low = value * (1 - saturation);
+  float falling = value * (1 - saturation * part);
+  float rising = value * (1 - saturation * (1 - part));
+
+  float red = value, green = value, blue = value;
+  switch (whole)
+  {
+  case 0: green = rising; blue = low; break;
+  case 1: red = falling; blue = low; break;
+  case 2: red = low; blue = rising; break;
+  case 3: red = low; green = falling; break;
+  case 4: red = rising; green = low; break;
+  default: green = low; blue = falling; break;
+  }
+
+  analogWrite(RED_PIN, static_cast<int>(red + 0.5f));
+  analogWrite(GREEN_PIN, static_cast<int>(green + 0.5f));
+  analogWrite(BLUE_PIN, static_cast<int>(blue + 0.5f));
+}
+
+// The state of the lamp: what the answer to a directive and the answer to ReportState carry
+void sendState(AlexaStatusMessage message)
+{
+  message.addHealthProp(EndpointHealth::OK)
+      .addPowerControllerProp(lampOn ? PowerController::ON : PowerController::OFF)
+      .addBrightnessControllerProp(brightness)
+      .addColorControllerProp(hue, saturation, brightness / 100.0f)
+      .send();
+}
+
+void onDirective(AlexaDirective &directive)
+{
+  if (directive.isReportState())
+  {
+    sendState(directive.stateReport());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (directive.is("TurnOn") || directive.is("TurnOff"))
+  {
+    lampOn = directive.is("TurnOn");
+  }
+  else if (directive.is("SetBrightness"))
+  {
+    brightness = constrain(directive.payload["brightness"] | brightness, 0, 100);
+  }
+  else if (directive.is("AdjustBrightness"))
+  {
+    brightness = constrain(brightness + (directive.payload["brightnessDelta"] | 0), 0, 100);
+  }
+  else if (directive.is("SetColor"))
+  {
+    JsonVariantConst color = directive.payload["color"];
+    hue = constrain(color["hue"] | hue, 0.0f, 360.0f);
+    saturation = constrain(color["saturation"] | saturation, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    brightness = constrain(static_cast<int>((color["brightness"] | brightness / 100.0f) * 100 + 0.5f), 0, 100);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    directive.error(AlexaErrorType::INVALID_DIRECTIVE, "This lamp switches, dims and changes its color").send();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  writeLamp();
+  sendState(directive.response());
+}
+
+void setup()
+{
+  Serial.begin(74880);
+  pinMode(RED_PIN, OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(GREEN_PIN, OUTPUT);
+  pinMode(BLUE_PIN, OUTPUT);
+  analogWriteRange(100);
+  writeLamp();
+
+  connectWiFi();
+
+  // MQTT user name, MQTT password, root topic
+  alexa.begin(ALEXA_USERNAME, ALEXA_PASSWORD, ALEXA_ROOT_TOPIC);
+
+  // The name Alexa shows, and the id of the endpoint: every device of an account has its own
+  AlexaDevice *lamp = alexa.getDevice("Color Lamp", "esp-color-light");
+  lamp->setDisplayCategory(DisplayCategory::LIGHT);
+  lamp->addCapability(AlexaInterfaces::PowerController);
+  lamp->addCapability(AlexaInterfaces::BrightnessController);
+  lamp->addCapability(AlexaInterfaces::ColorController);
+  lamp->addCapability(AlexaInterfaces::EndpointHealth);
+  lamp->onDirective(onDirective);
+}
+
+void loop()
+{
+  alexa.loop();
+}