Examples as Arduino sketches: one folder per device type, each its own endpointId, Wi-Fi with a timeout

Light, DimmableLight, ColorTemperatureLight, ColorLight, TemperatureSensor, ContactSensor, Blind,
Thermostat, Lock, Scene, Doorbell and MultiDevice on the 2.0 API: addCapability(row, instance), one
onDirective() handler, the report helpers, ChangeReports from loop(), a deferred answer for the lock.
Wi-Fi is waited for 30 s, then the sketch says what to check and carries on.

examples/README.md has what each sketch does, its limits and the measured sizes for d1_mini: Light
takes 30,616 bytes of static RAM and 332,565 of flash; all 17 sketches build with 0 warnings.
test/test_examples compares the discovery object of every new sketch: 147 host tests (were 135).
The sketches were compiled, not run on a board.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>

examples/Blind/Blind.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Blind: a roller blind that Alexa opens, closes and sets to a position (Alexa.RangeController with semantics).
+//
+// The capability is one instance of the RangeController, "Blind.Lift": 0 is closed, 100 is open. Its semantics
+// tell Alexa what "open", "close", "raise" and "lower" mean for it, and which values count as open and closed.
+// SetRangeValue outside of 0 to 100 is answered with VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE; AdjustRangeValue stops at the ends.
+//
+// The blind of this sketch is a number. moveTo() is the place for the motor.
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <Alex2ESP.h>
+
+// Wi-Fi and the credentials of your Alex2MQTT account
+const char *WIFI_SSID = "";
+const char *WIFI_PASSWORD = "";
+
+const char *ALEXA_USERNAME = "";
+const char *ALEXA_PASSWORD = "";
+const char *ALEXA_ROOT_TOPIC = "";
+
+const char LIFT[] = "Blind.Lift";
+
+Alex2ESP alexa;
+int lift = 0; // percent open
+
+// Joins the Wi-Fi network and returns after 30 s at the latest. Without a connection the sketch carries on: the
+// ESP8266 keeps trying, and alexa.loop() opens the MQTT session once Wi-Fi is up.
+void connectWiFi()
+{
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
+  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
+  Serial.printf("\n[WIFI] Connecting to \"%s\"\n", WIFI_SSID);
+
+  unsigned long started = millis();
+  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && millis() - started < 30000)
+  {
+    delay(100);
+  }
+
+  if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED)
+  {
+    Serial.printf("[WIFI] Connected, IP address %s\n", WiFi.localIP().toString().c_str());
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    Serial.printf("[WIFI] No connection after 30 s (status %d): check WIFI_SSID and WIFI_PASSWORD. Still trying.\n",
+                  WiFi.status());
+  }
+}
+
+void moveTo(int position)
+{
+  lift = position;
+  Serial.printf("[BLIND] %d percent open\n", lift);
+}
+
+// The "configuration" of the capability in discovery: the range of the value and its unit
+void liftConfiguration(JsonObject configuration, void *)
+{
+  JsonObject range = configuration["supportedRange"].to<JsonObject>();
+  range["minimumValue"] = 0;
+  range["maximumValue"] = 100;
+  range["precision"] = 1;
+  configuration["unitOfMeasure"] = FPSTR(AlexaUnits::Percent);
+}
+
+// The state of the blind: what the answer to a directive and the answer to ReportState carry
+void sendState(AlexaStatusMessage message)
+{
+  message.addHealthProp(EndpointHealth::OK).addRangeControllerProp(LIFT, lift).send();
+}
+
+void onDirective(AlexaDirective &directive)
+{
+  if (directive.isReportState())
+  {
+    sendState(directive.stateReport());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (directive.is("SetRangeValue"))
+  {
+    int position = directive.payload["rangeValue"] | -1;
+    if (position < 0 || position > 100)
+    {
+      AlexaStatusMessage error = directive.error(AlexaErrorType::VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE, "The blind takes 0 to 100");
+      error.payload()["validRange"]["minimumValue"] = 0;
+      error.payload()["validRange"]["maximumValue"] = 100;
+      error.send();
+      return;
+    }
+    moveTo(position);
+  }
+  else if (directive.is("AdjustRangeValue"))
+  {
+    moveTo(constrain(lift + (directive.payload["rangeValueDelta"] | 0), 0, 100));
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    directive.error(AlexaErrorType::INVALID_DIRECTIVE, "This blind takes a position").send();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  sendState(directive.response());
+}
+
+void setup()
+{
+  Serial.begin(74880);
+
+  connectWiFi();
+
+  // MQTT user name, MQTT password, root topic
+  alexa.begin(ALEXA_USERNAME, ALEXA_PASSWORD, ALEXA_ROOT_TOPIC);
+
+  // The name Alexa shows, and the id of the endpoint: every device of an account has its own
+  AlexaDevice *blind = alexa.getDevice("Bedroom Blind", "esp-blind");
+  blind->setDisplayCategory(DisplayCategory::INTERIOR_BLIND);
+
+  blind->addCapability(AlexaInterfaces::RangeController, LIFT)
+      ->addFriendlyAsset(AlexaAssets::Setting_Opening)
+      .setConfiguration(liftConfiguration)
+      .addActionMapping(ActionMapping({AlexaAction::Close}, "SetRangeValue", "{\"rangeValue\":0}"))
+      .addActionMapping(ActionMapping({AlexaAction::Open}, "SetRangeValue", "{\"rangeValue\":100}"))
+      .addActionMapping(ActionMapping({AlexaAction::Lower}, "AdjustRangeValue",
+                                      "{\"rangeValueDelta\":-10,\"rangeValueDeltaDefault\":false}"))
+      .addActionMapping(ActionMapping({AlexaAction::Raise}, "AdjustRangeValue",
+                                      "{\"rangeValueDelta\":10,\"rangeValueDeltaDefault\":false}"))
+      .addStateMapping({AlexaState::Closed}, 0)
+      .addStateMapping({AlexaState::Open}, 1, 100);
+
+  blind->addCapability(AlexaInterfaces::EndpointHealth);
+  blind->onDirective(onDirective);
+}
+
+void loop()
+{
+  alexa.loop();
+}